It is quite ostensible that in a recent judgment titled Suryakant Balurao @ Ramrao Phad vs State of Maharashtra and others in Criminal Appeal No. 1161 of 2019 (Arising out of SLP (Cri.) No. 8894 of 2018) delivered just recently on July 30, 2019, the Supreme Court has minced no words to unequivocally maintain the time tested dictum and endorsed by Supreme Court itself many times in the past that,  Interest of victim and society at large must also be kept in view while sentencing . In this notable case, the Bombay High Court Bench at Aurangabad reduced the sentence of imprisonment from seven years to five years to an 'attempt to murder' accused. But the Apex Court disagreed with this and laid down the reason also as to why it disagreed which we shall deal with subsequently.

First and foremost, the ball is set rolling in para 2 wherein while stating the facts of this case, it is pointed out that,  This appeal arises out of the judgment dated 12.07.2018 passed by the High Court of Judicature of Bombay at Aurangabad in Criminal Appeal No. 11 of 2016 in and by which the High Court affirmed the conviction of respondent No. 2-accused No. 1 under Section 307 IPC read with Section 34 IPC and reduced the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon him from seven years to five years and imposed fine amount of Rs 25,000/-. Insofar respondent Nos. 3 and 4-accused Nos. 2 and 3, the High Court acquitted them from the charges under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC and instead convicted them under Section 326 read with Section 34 IPC and reduced the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon them to the period already undergone and imposed fine amount of Rs 25,000/- upon each of them. The High Court maintained the conviction of accused Nos. 1 to 3 under Section 323 read with Section 34 IPC also the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon each of them.

While elaborating further, it is then pointed out in para 3 that,  The appellant-Complainant has filed this appeal challenging the reduction of sentence of imprisonment of respondent Nos. 2 to 4. Case of prosecution is that on 24.01.2012 at about 05.30 PM, when Chandrakant (PW-6) was proceeding towards his land via Pangaon T point, respondent No. 2-Devraj (A1) who along with respondent No. 3-Ashish (A2) and respondent No. 4-Balaji (A3) was standing near the mobile shop of one Prahlad Joshi, asked PW-6-Chandrakant why he obstructed respondent No. 4-Balaji (A3) from spreading the rubble in his field and there was some exchange of words between them. In this quarrel, Devraj (A1) took out pistol from his waist and fired one shot at PW-6-Chandrakant on his chest. Hearing the sound, Suryakant (PW-7), Shivaji (PW-5) and others rushed to the spot. Accused Nos. 2 and 3 were alleged to be holding stick and stone respectively in their hands. When Suryakant (PW-7) tried to intervene, accused No. 1 fired a bullet from his pistol which hit on the left knee of PW-7.

When Shivaji Phad (PW-5) tried to intervene, accused persons beat him with fists and kicked and also inflicted a knife blow on him causing him grievous hurt and then accused fled away. Injured PW-6 and PW-7 were taken to hospital and were given treatment. Suryakant (PW-7) lodged the complaint based on which FIR was registered under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC, Sections 323 and 506 IPC. On completion of investigation, charge sheet was filed against the accused under Sections 307, 323 and 506 read with Section 34 IPC and under Section 4 read with Section 25 of the Arms Act. Later, charge under Section 4 read with Section 25 of the Arms Act was altered to Section 3 read with Section 25 of the Arms Act.

While elaborating on the chain of events in the Trial Court, it is then pointed out in para 4 that,  To prove the guilt of the accused, in the trial court the prosecution examined thirteen witnesses and produced number of documents. Relying upon the evidence of injured eye-witnesses Chandrakant (PW-6), Suryakant (PW-7) and eye-witness Ram Phad (PW-4) and also upon the medical evidence, the trial vide judgment dated 23.12.2015 convicted accused Nos. 1 to 3 under Section 307 IPC read with Section 34 IPC and sentenced each of them to undergo rigorous imprisonment for seven years and also to pay a fine of Rs 15,000/- each with default clause. The trial court also convicted them under Section 323 read with Section 34 IPC and sentenced each of them to undergo rigorous imprisonment for six months and to pay a fine of Rs 500/- each with default clause. The trial court directed that out of the fine amount paid by the accused, Rs 20,000/- be given to injured Chandrakant (PW-6) and Suryakant (PW-7) each as compensation as per the provision of Section 357 Cr.P.C.

Now turning the focus to High Court, we find that para 5 then elaborates stating that,  In the appeal filed before the High Court, the High Court affirmed the conviction of accused No. 1-Devraj under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC but reduced the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon him to five years. Additionally, the High Court directed accused No. 1-Devraj to pay a fine of Rs 25,000/- with default clause. The High Court also convicted accused No. 1-Devraj under Section 326 read with Section 34 IPC and reduced the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon him to the period already undergone by him and also directed to pay a fine of Rs 15,000/- with default clause. Insofar as conviction and sentence of imprisonment under Section 323 read with Section 34 IPC, the High Court maintained the same. The High Court acquitted accused No. 2-Ashish and accused No.3-Balaji from the charge under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC and instead convicted them under Section 326 read with Section 34 IPC and imposed the sentence of imprisonment to the period already undergone by them and accused Nos. 2 and 3 were directed to pay a fine of Rs 25,000/- each with default clause.

The High Court maintained the conviction and sentence of imprisonment under Section 323 IPC read with Section 34 IPC imposed upon accused No.2-Ashish and accused No. 3-Balaji. Out of the fine amount deposited by the accused, a sum of Rs 60,000/- was directed to be paid to PW-6-Chandrakant and a sum of Rs 30,000/- was ordered to be paid to PW-7-Suryakant as compensation under Section 357 Cr.P.C. Being aggrieved, injured complainant-Suryakant (PW-7) has preferred this appeal.

Needless to say, para 6 then lays bare that,  We have heard Mr Uday B Dube, learned counsel appearing for the appellant and Mr Sudhanshu S Choudhari, learned counsel appearing for respondent Nos. 2 and 3-accused Nos. 1 and 2 and Mr Sandeep Sudhakar Deshmukh, learned counsel appearing for respondent No. 4-accused No. 3 and also Mr Nishant R Katneshwarkar, learned counsel appearing for the State and perused the impugned judgment and materials on record.

While rapping the High Court on its knuckles for its undue leniency, it is then made clear by the Apex Court in para 7 that,  The learned counsel appearing for the appellant inter alia submitted that accused No.1-Devraj shot a bullet in the chest of PW-6-Chandrakant which pierced through his chest and came out from the back side and PW-11-Dr Manoj Landge opined that the injury sustained by PW-6-Chandrakant was grievous in nature which was capable of causing death and while so, the High Court was not right in showing undue sympathy to the respondents-accused and reducing the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon them.

As it turned out, it is then unfolded in para 8 that,  The learned counsel appearing for respondent Nos. 2 to 4-accused Nos. 1 to 3 have submitted that considering the facts and circumstances of the case and the age of respondent Nos. 3 and 4 and other circumstances, the High Court exercised its discretion in reducing the sentence of imprisonment and at the same time increased the fine amount to be paid as compensation as per the provision under Section 357 Cr.P.C. and the impugned judgment reducing the sentence of imprisonment warrants no interference.

To be sure, it is then clearly and convincingly held in para 9 that,  A person committing an offence under Section 307 IPC can be ordered to undergo imprisonment for life. To justify conviction under Section 307 IPC, intention of causing death or that it was done with the intention of causing such injury which is likely to cause death is necessary to constitute the offence. Although the nature of injury actually caused would be of considerable assistance in coming to a finding as to the intention of the accused. Such intention may also be deduced from other circumstances.

Truth be told, it is then unravelled in para 10 that,  Accused No. 1-Devraj was serving in the Army and was possessing a licence for carrying the pistol. If the evidence of injured witnesses PW-6-Chandrakant and PW-7-Suryakant and eye-witness PW-4-Ram Phad is considered in its entirety, it becomes clear that the attempt by accused No. 1-Devraj was with intention to teach a lesson to PW-6-Chandrakant as to why he opposed accused No.3-Balaji from spreading the rubble in his field and there was some hot exchange of words between them. Accused No.1-Devraj carrying the pistol shot at PW-6-Chandrakant at his chest which pierced through his chest. When PW-7-Suryakant tried to interfere, accused No.1-Devraj shot at PW-7-Suryakant also.

What's more, it is then unearthed in para 11 that,  In the occurrence, PWs 6 and 7 sustained the following injuries:-
Injuries noticed on person of PW-6-Chandrakant
1) Punctured wound over lower 1/3rd of Pre-sternal area 2 x 2 cm oval, age less than six hours.
2) Punctured wound over right side of chest post-axillary line about in 7 inter costal space 2 x 2 cm oval, age less than six hours.
3) Contused lacerated wound over scalp left parieto occipital region, 2 x 1 x 0.5 cm, age less than six hours, simple in nature.

Injuries noticed on person of PW-7-Suryakant
1) Punctured wound on lateral aspect of upper part of left knee 2 x 2 cm oval, age less than six hours, simple in nature.
2) Punctured wound over medical aspect of popliteal region 2 x 2 cm oval, age less than six hours. Grievous in nature. X-ray shows displaced fracture of supracondylor.

The bullet injury pierced through the chest of PW-6-Chandrakant and came out from the back side. In his evidence, PW-11-Dr Manoj Landge specifically stated that injuries No.1 and 2 caused to PW-6-Chandrakant were capable of causing death. So far as the injuries caused to PW-7-Suryakant are concerned, PW-11-Dr Manoj Landge opined that they were not fatal to life.

More importantly, it is then held in para 12 that,  While considering the quantum of sentence, the courts are expected to consider all relevant facts and circumstances of the case, in particular, nature of injuries caused in the occurrence and the weapon used which will have bearing on the question of sentence and the Courts are bound to impose sentence commensurate with the gravity of the offence. Considering the nature of injuries caused to PW-6-Chandrakant i.e. gun shot wounds in the chest and the opinion of Doctor that the injuries caused to PW-6 are capable of causing death, in our view the High Court was not right in reducing the sentence of first accused-Devraj.

Most importantly, while endorsing the trial court's judgment and rapping the High Court on its knuckles, it is then very rightly held in para 16 that,  Considering the nature of the injuries caused to PW-6-Chandrakant and PW-7-Suryakant and the facts and circumstances of the case, the trial court convicted accused No.1-Devraj under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC and sentenced him to seven years rigorous imprisonment with a fine of Rs 15,000/-. When the trial court has exercised its discretion in imposing seven years of imprisonment, the High Court ought to have kept in view the weapon used by accused No. 1 and the nature of injuries caused to PW-6-Chandrakant and the opinion of the Doctor. The courts must not only keep in view the right of the accused, but must also keep in view the interest of the victim and society at large. The courts have been consistent in approach that a reasonable proportion has to be maintained between the gravity of the offence and the punishment.

While it is true that the sentence imposed upon the accused should not be harsh, inadequacy of sentence may lead to sufferance of the victim and the community at large. So far as the first accused-Devraj is concerned, the High Court was not right in reducing the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon first accused. As pointed out earlier, the High Court reduced the sentence of imprisonment from seven years to five years and increased the fine amount to Rs 25,000/- and part of the said fine amount was ordered to be paid as compensation to the injured PW-6-Chandrakant and PW-7-Suryakant. Since the enhanced compensation was paid by accused No. 1 which is said to have been withdrawn by injured-victims, for conviction under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC, the first accused-Devraj shall undergo rigorous imprisonment for six years and six months.

Be it noted, it is then observed in para 17 that,  So far as respondent Nos. 3 and 4-accused Nos. 2 and 3 are concerned, at the time of occurrence, they were not armed. Accused Nos. 2 and 3 are alleged to have attacked the injured with fist and kicked and with sticks. Considering the facts and circumstances of the case and the evidence on record, we are not inclined to interfere with the acquittal of accused Nos. 2 and 3 under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC.

So far as conviction under Section 323 read with Section 34 IPC, the High Court took into consideration that accused No.2-Ashish was nineteen years old at the time of occurrence and accused No.3-Balaji was thirty-eight years old and keeping in view their age and family circumstances and that they were not having criminal antecedents, the High Court thought fit to reduce the sentence of imprisonment from six months to the period already undergone by them. Since accused Nos. 2 and 3 were not armed with deadly weapons, we are not inclined to interfere with their acquittal under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC and the reduction of sentence of imprisonment under Section 326 read with Section 34 IPC.
 
It cannot be lost on us that it is then observed in para 18 that,  In the result, the impugned judgment of the High Court dated 12.07.2018 in Criminal Appeal No. 11 of 2016 is set aside. For conviction under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC, the second respondent-accused No.1-Devraj is sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for six years and six months and the appeal is partly allowed.

The acquittal of respondent Nos.3 and 4-accused Nos. 2 and 3 under Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC is affirmed and the judgment of the High Court convicting them under Section 326 IPC read with Section 34 IPC and reducing the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon accused No. 2 and 3 to the period already undergone is also affirmed and the appeal qua respondent Nos. 3 and 4-accused Nos. 2 and 3 is dismissed. So far as the fine amount imposed upon the accused and the direction of the High Court to pay the compensation to the injured under Section 357 Cr.P.C. is maintained.  Lastly, it is then held in para 19 that,  The accused No.1-Devraj is directed to surrender within four weeks from today to serve the remaining sentence failing which, he shall be taken into custody.

Before parting, it must be said that this landmark, latest and extremely laudable judgment has unquestionably once again reiterated what has been held earlier also in many cases like Sevaka Perumal and another v. State of Tamil Nadu (1991) 3 SCC 471, Ravinder Singh v State of Haryana (2015) 11 SCC 588, State of Punjab v. Bawa Singh (2015) 3 SCC 441 and others that the courts must not only keep in view the rights of the victim of the crime but also the society at large while considering the imposition of appropriate punishment.

It has also been rightly held that justice demands that courts should impose punishment befitting the crime so that the courts reflect public abhorrence of the crimes and that undue sympathy to impose inadequate sentence would do more harm to the justice system to undermine the public confidence in the efficacy of law and society could not long endure under serious threats. This alone explains why the Apex Court in this case differed with High Court to reduce the sentence of imprisonment from seven years to five years to an 'attempt to murder' accused! Very rightly so!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi, A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera, Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.