Author Name:   Ujjwal.Jha

The article tries to explain the differences between Patent protection and Trade secrets. It is written in a precise manner to demonstrate how Patent protection is always better than Trade secret option. A couple of examples/cases are also cited to support the write-up.

No, Trade secrets are no alternative to Patent protection

Today’s startups are mostly technology driven. Many startups are using or developing their own technology for providing/offering their product and services to the target market. While some Startups have a good amount of funding and some have not, the question that how much amount to spend on research and IP protection for the technology is crucial for both kind of startups.

There are two ways to protect the technology, file for the patent or operate under trade secret. Though the earlier requires a significant amount of money, resources, and attention, other option is very less complicated and requires almost no amount of legal work and investment. The only requirement to go for the trade secret option is that technology should be known to very less amount of people, who are actually involved in the core development.

I have interacted with many people recently who are decision makers in a number of startups and many of them were under impression that trade secret alternative for their product/technology would be a better option. They think that going with trade secret option would save them a large amount of money and time and thus, they can focus on their core objectives.

I wonder what makes these executives believe so. Here I will try to put things from a legal and entrepreneurial perspective that may help to clear the confusion.

While Trade secret option includes no investment and work stress, it is not a secure option for most of the technology protection cases. Its core power and requirement is secrecy. Other requirements are administrative and documented control of the secret and over the persons who are aware of the secret. The fewer people know about it the better degree of the protection company owns. However, in today’s world, secrecy is an overrated thing. Every giant company possess a separate R&D wing to reverse engineer their competitor’s product and if the product is not protected by means of patents, there is nothing you can do with the trade secret.

A trade secret is good for the cases other than the technology and products built by hardware components, software programs or any kind of process based technology. It is good for the products whose composition is hard to know and performing reverse engineering on them is almost impossible. One good example of this is food and beverage industry or if we talk specifically soft drink industry. No matter how much Pepsi and Coca-Cola tastes same or different, they can never go against each other accusing of stealing their secret. Yeah, they have kept their recipes as a trade secret, completely unknown to the outer world. Another example of the same is Maggie noodles. The World still do not know about the recipe formula or composition of the ingredients (completely) and the company is comfortable in proceeding with trade secret option.

However, trade secrets option has been proven useful for some technology companies. For example, Apple is one company which often goes with trade secret options when it comes to protecting their technology. Apple’s former executive Steve Jobs was known for often going with trade secret option. But no one can ignore the fact that Apple is a leading technology company and developed cutting edge technologies/products which are hard to break-in or being reverse engineered. Further, copying their exact design was also hard for competitors. Still, Apple suffered from this decision to an extent and despite that fact that company is not completely dependent on trade secret option. Its major smart phones were reverse engineered and copied to great extent in many Asian countries. Today, still going with trade secrets for many cases, Apple has become one of the top patent filers for protecting their products and technologies.

On the other hand going for the patent protection have many advantages over going with trade secret options. It may incur some investment of money initially but ROI of patent protection is much greater than the initial investment. Executives can have the peace of mind that nobody is going to steal/copy their technology. They can further offer their technology to other companies and get a handsome amount of money in return or they can pool their patents with other companies and be benefited from the competitor’s technology under the cross licensing program. For many cases, having a significant patent portfolio provides an easy path for getting investment. If your technology is significant to market and protected by patents, other companies will be compelled to license your patents and thus providing heavy paychecks to your company account. Security in future from patent trolls is another advantage. Your initial investment in patents protection will prove vital and significant as your company grows. I had recently worked on a licensing project where the client company was bankrupt but was able to sell their patent portfolio. It helped them in settling their debts. Patents have been also proven crucial for mid-size and large scale M&A activities.

Further, many countries and jurisdiction have start-up friendly patent systems. For Europe and America, startup founder can choose the option of filing a provisional application first and file the complete patent specification after one year. This arrangement provides enough time-frame to the startups to arrange money, research more, and taking the decision more effectively. Another example is India which is running Make in India program under which many relaxations are provided to start-ups for patent filings.

I admit that Trade secret option is preferable for many cases but the scope of this option is limited and the whole concept is not right for technology based companies. Patent protection is the right step to protect your asset for the growth of the startup and for future benefits. So do not ignore this crucial thing which can benefit your current startup in future, in many ways.

Be smart and go for Patent protection, no matter how complex and secure your technology is.

I hope you enjoyed reading it. Readers are welcome to share their thoughts on this.

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